Thread: Co-processor

The Thread Co-processor sample demonstrates how to implement OpenThread’s Co-processor designs inside the Zephyr environment. The sample uses the Radio co-processor (RCP) architecture.

The sample is based on Zephyr’s OpenThread Co-Processor sample. However, it customizes Zephyr’s sample to fulfill the nRF Connect SDK requirements (for example, by increasing the stack size dedicated for the user application), and also extends it with features such as:

  • Increased Mbed TLS heap size.

  • Lowered main stack size to increase user application space.

  • No obsolete configuration options.

  • Vendor hooks for co-processor architecture allowing users to extend handled properties by their own, customized functionalities.

  • Thread 1.2 features.

This sample supports optional logging extension, which can be turned on or off independently. See Configuration files for details.

Requirements

The sample supports the following development kits for testing the network status:

Hardware platforms

PCA

Board name

Build target

nRF52840 DK

PCA10056

nrf52840dk_nrf52840

nrf52840dk_nrf52840

nRF52840 Dongle

PCA10059

nrf52840dongle_nrf52840

nrf52840dongle_nrf52840

nRF52833 DK

PCA10100

nrf52833dk_nrf52833

nrf52833dk_nrf52833

nRF21540 DK

PCA10112

nrf21540dk_nrf52840

nrf21540dk_nrf52840

To test the sample, you need at least one development kit. You can use additional development kits programmed with the Co-processor sample for testing network joining.

Moreover, the sample requires a Userspace higher layer process running on your device to communicate with the MCU co-processor part. This sample uses ot-cli as reference.

Overview

The sample demonstrates using a co-processor target on the MCU to communicate with ot-cli on Unix-like operating system. According to the co-processor architecture, the MCU part must cooperate with user higher layer process to establish the complete full stack application. The sample shows how to set up the connection between the co-processor and the host.

This sample comes with the full set of OpenThread functionalities enabled (CONFIG_OPENTHREAD_NORDIC_LIBRARY_MASTER).

Logging extension

By default, this sample uses Spinel logging backend for sending log messages to the host device using the Spinel protocol. This is a useful feature, because it does not require separate interfaces to communicate with the co-processor through the Spinel protocol and collect log messages. Moreover, using the Spinel logging backend (by setting CONFIG_LOG_BACKEND_SPINEL) does not exclude using another backend like UART or RTT at the same time.

By default, the log levels for all modules are set to critical to not engage the microprocessor in unnecessary activities. To make the solution flexible, you can change independently the log levels for your modules, for the whole Zephyr system, and for OpenThread. Use the overlay-logging.conf overlay file as reference for this purpose.

User interface

All the interactions with the application are handled using serial communication.

You can interact with the sample through ot-daemon or ot-cli with commands listed in OpenThread CLI Reference. See OpenThread POSIX applications for more information.

You can also use your own application, provided that it supports the Spinel communication protocol.

Note

This sample has Hardware Flow Control mechanism enabled by default in serial communication. When enabled, it allows devices to manage transmission by informing each other about their current state, and ensures more reliable connection in high-speed communication scenarios. In addition, the Co-processor sample reconfigures the baud rate to 1000000 bit/s by default.

Configuration

See Configuring your application for information about how to permanently or temporarily change the configuration.

Check and configure the following library option that is used by the sample:

Configuration files

The sample provides predefined configuration files for typical use cases, and to activate sample extensions. You can find the configuration files in the root directory of the sample.

Specify the corresponding file names in the OVERLAY_CONFIG option when building. See Providing CMake options for instructions on how to add this option. For more information about using configuration overlay files, see Important Build System Variables in the Zephyr documentation.

The following configuration files are available:

  • overlay-logging.conf - Enables the logging extension. This file configures different log levels for the sample, the Zephyr system, and OpenThread.

  • overlay-minimal.conf - Enables a minimal configuration that reduces the code size and RAM usage. This file enables the RCP architecture with basic functionality and optimizes stacks and buffer sizes. For more information, see Memory footprint optimization.

  • overlay-usb.conf - Enables emulating a serial port over USB for Spinel communication with the host. Additionally, you need to set DTC_OVERLAY_FILE to usb.overlay.

FEM support

You can add support for the nRF21540 front-end module to this sample by using one of the following options, depending on your hardware:

  • Build the sample for one board that contains the nRF21540 FEM, such as nrf21540dk_nrf52840.

  • Manually create a devicetree overlay file that describes how FEM is connected to the nRF5 SoC in your device. See Set devicetree overlays for different ways of adding the overlay file.

  • Provide nRF21540 FEM capabilities by using a shield, for example the nRF21540 EK shield that is available in the nRF Connect SDK. In this case, build the project for a board connected to the shield you are using with an appropriate variable included in the build command. This variable instructs the build system to append the appropriate devicetree overlay file. For example, to build the sample from the command line for an nRF52833 DK with the nRF21540 EK attached, use the following command within the sample directory:

    west build -b nrf52833dk_nrf52833 -- -DSHIELD=nrf21540_ek

    This command builds the application firmware. See Programming nRF21540 EK for information about how to program when you are using a board with a network core, for example nRF5340 DK.

Each of these options adds the description of the nRF21540 FEM to the devicetree. See Working with RF front-end modules for more information about FEM in the nRF Connect SDK.

To add support for other front-end modules, add the respective devicetree file entries to the board devicetree file or the devicetree overlay file.

Building and running

Make sure to enable the OpenThread stack before building and testing this sample. See Thread for more information.

This sample can be found under samples/openthread/coprocessor in the nRF Connect SDK folder structure.

See Building and programming an application for information about how to build and program the application.

Testing

After building the sample and programming it to your development kit, complete the following steps to test it:

  1. Connect the development kit’s SEGGER J-Link USB port to the PC USB port with a USB cable.

  2. Get the kit’s serial port name (for example, /dev/ttyACM0).

  3. Run and configure ot-cli as described in OpenThread POSIX applications.

  4. From this point, you can follow the Testing instructions in the CLI sample by removing the ot prefix for each command.

Dependencies

This sample uses the following Zephyr libraries: