Documentation style guide

The nRF Connect SDK documentation is written in two formats:

• doxygen for API documentation

• RST for conceptual documentation

RST style guide

See Zephyr’s Documentation Guidelines for a short introduction to RST and, most importantly, to the conventions used in Zephyr. More information about RST is available in the reStructuredText Primer.

The nRF Connect SDK documentation follows the Zephyr style guide, and adds a few more restrictive rules that are described below.

Page structure

Keep titles and headings as short and to the point as possible. Add table of contents if the page has sections. If you want to list subpages, do not add sections to the page with the list.

Titles

Mention the module name in the title and within the RST tag of the page, which is defined in the first line of the RST file. For example:

1 .. _lib_aws_fota:
2
3 AWS FOTA
4 ########

Do not repeat the section name in the titles of the subpages. For example, when adding a sample or library, do not mention sample or library in the title of the page.

Correct title	Incorrect title
nRF9160: Secure Services	nRF9160: Secure Services Sample
DK Button and LED	DK Button and LED library

Headings

Headings use sentence case, which means that the first word is capitalized, and the following words use normal capitalization. The only exception are proper names, for example Bluetooth specification terminology (see last entry in the following table).

Correct heading	Incorrect heading
CC file format	CC File Format
Sending shell commands	Sending Shell Commands
GATT Human Interface Device (HID) Service Client	GATT Human Interface Device (HID) service client

Do not use consecutive headings without intervening text.

Table of contents

If your page uses sections, add the .. contents:: directive just under the page title:

1 .. _lib_aws_fota:
2
3 AWS FOTA
4 ########
5
6 .. contents::
7    :local:
8    :depth: 2

This will add a clickable table of contents at the top of the page.

Note

Do not use table of contents if the page has a list of Subpages. To make the page hierarchy easier to navigate, using heading-based sections with the subpages section on one page is not allowed.

Subpages

Use the .. toctree:: directive at the bottom of a page to list pages that are located further down in the hierarchy. For example, the About this documentation page has the following list of subpages, which includes this very page you are reading:

.. toctree::
   :maxdepth: 2
   :caption: Subpages:

   doc_build
   doc_styleguide
   doc_templates

For clarity of structure, pages with the subpages section must not contain sections.

RST file formatting

For readability reasons, start every sentence on a new line in the source files and do not add line breaks within the sentence. In the output, consecutive lines without blank lines in between are combined into one paragraph.

Note

For the conceptual documentation written in RST, you can have more than 80 characters per line. The requirement for 80 characters per line applies only to the code documentation written in doxygen.

The sentences must not end with a space. Trim trailing spaces before committing your changes.

Each RST file must end with one blank line.

Content highlighting

Use the following highlighing rules in the RST conceptual documentation:

Markup	Example	Usage criteria
*emphasis*	relaying	Emphasis, new terms, variables that need to be replaced.
``code``	west update	Code within text.
**PCB**	SW3	PCB names.
:guilabel:`GUI`	Cancel	Graphical user interface elements (buttons, text fields, and so on).
:file:`filename`	conf.py	Filenames, file paths, directory names, and file extensions.

Additional markup rules

Pay attention to the following rules when highlighting content:

• Emphasis

  • Do not use the following markup for emphasis: `..`.

  • When using emphasis within a longer word, use backslash and space. For example, high\ **light**\ ing will be rendered as “highlighting”.

• Code

  • Use the .. code-block:: directive for code fragments that do not include variables. Specify the language type after the directive, for example .. code-block:: c.

  • Use the .. parsed-literal:: directive for code fragments that include variable names, for example installation paths or board names. With this directive, you can apply the emphasis markup for variables, for example *board_name*:

    > set VERBOSE=True && set CMAKE_BUILD_PARALLEL_LEVEL=1 && west build -b board_name

• GUI

  • When writing about a sequence of GUI elements, use -> between them. Do not use > or other markup. For example: “Select File -> Save as…”.

• Filenames and titles

  • For readability reasons, do not use any code highlighting for titles of other pages or headings when they are mentioned in the text. For example, do not write “The bl_crypto library”. Use the complete name of the library: “The bootloader crypto library”, and always link to the page you mention.

  • If the page you are linking to is mentioned several times in the text, place the link on the first occurrence and on every occurrence where linking to the page is useful.

Diagrams

You can include Message Sequence Chart (MSC) diagrams in RST by using the .. msc:: directive and including the MSC content, for example:

.. msc::
    hscale = "1.3";
    Module,Application;
    Module<<Application      [label="nrf_cloud_connect() returns successfully"];
    Module>>Application      [label="NRF_CLOUD_EVT_TRANSPORT_CONNECTED"];
    Module>>Application      [label="NRF_CLOUD_EVT_USER_ASSOCIATION_REQUEST"];
    Module<<Application      [label="nrf_cloud_user_associate()"];
    Module>>Application      [label="NRF_CLOUD_EVT_USER_ASSOCIATED"];
    Module>>Application      [label="NRF_CLOUD_EVT_READY"];
    Module>>Application      [label="NRF_CLOUD_EVT_TRANSPORT_DISCONNECTED"];

This will generate the following output:

Linking

You can use different linking and inclusion methods, depending on the content you want to link to.

Breathe

The Breathe Sphinx plugin provides a bridge between RST and doxygen.

The doxygen documentation is not automatically included in RST. Therefore, every group must be explicitly added to an RST file.

.. doxygengroup:: bluetooth_throughput
   :project: nrf
   :members:

Note

Including a group on a page does not include all its subgroups automatically. To include subgroups, add the :inner: option.

However, if subgroups are defined in separate files, you should rather list them manually on the page of the group they belong to, so that you can include information on where they are defined.

The Breathe documentation contains information about what you can link to.

To link directly to a doxygen reference from RST, use the following Breathe domains:

• Function: :c:func:

• Structure: :c:struct:

• Type: :c:type:

• Enum (the list): :c:enum:

• Enumerator (an item): :c:enumerator:

• Macro or define: :c:macro:

• Structure member: :c:member:

Hyperlinks

All external links must be defined in the links.txt file. Do not define them directly in the RST file. The reason for this is to allow for validating all links in one central location and to make it easy to update breaking links.

Each link should be defined only once in links.txt.

If the link text that is defined in links.txt does not fit in the context where you use the link, you can override it by using the following syntax:

`new link text <original link text_>`_

It is also possible to define more than one default link text for a link, which can be useful if you frequently need a different link text:

.. _`Link text one`:
.. _`Link text two`: http://..

Kconfig

Kconfig options can be linked to from RST by using the :option: domain:

:option:`CONFIG_DEBUG`

Replacements

If you need to repeat some information, do not duplicate the text. Use the .. |tag| replace:: command to reuse the text. Whenever you use the tag in an RST document, it will be replaced with the text specified after the colons.

You can reuse the content with the same tag either on one page or on multiple pages:

• To reuse the text on one page, define the |tag| and the replacement text between the page tag and the page title.

• To reuse the text on multiple pages, define the |tag| and the replacement text in nrf/doc/nrf/shortcuts.txt.

For example, see the following code sample taken the source of this page:

1 .. |sg| replace:: style guide
2
3 .. _doc_styleguide:
4
5 Documentation |sg|
6 ##################
7
8 The |NCS| documentation is written in two formats:

In this case, the |sg| tag is defined for local usage. This tag is not available on other pages. Additionally, the example is also using the |NCS| tag that is defined in shortcuts.txt and can be used on all documentation pages in the nRF Connect SDK project.

PCB names

When referring to specific Printed Circuit Board elements, use capitalization. For example, Button 1, Switch 3, LED 1.

If you are referring to a generic PCB element, do not use capitalization: button, switch, LEDs.

If you want to provide the short name of a specific PCB element as printed on the kit, write it in bold and follow the spelling and capitalization from the kit: Button 1, SW3, LED1.

Note

Use bold for button elements only when you are using the short names for other PCB elements in your document.

Tables

Follow Zephyr’s Documentation Guidelines for tables. Do not add table titles to describe the table. Instead, make sure to introduce the table with a short sentence that describes the table contents. For example:

The following table lists something.

.. list-table::
    :widths: 15 20 40
    :header-rows: 1

    * - Heading 1
      - Heading 2
      - Heading 3
    * - body row 1, column 1
      - body row 1, column 2
      - body row 1, column 3

Doxygen style guide

This style guide covers guidelines for the doxygen-based API documentation.

General documentation guidelines

1. Always use full sentences, except for descriptions for variables, structs, and enums, where sentence fragments with no verb are accepted, and always end everything with period.

2. Everything that is documented must belong to a group (see below).

3. Use capitalization sparingly. When in doubt, use lowercase.

4. Line breaks: In doxygen, break after 80 characters (following the dev guidelines). In RST, break after each sentence.

5. @note and @warning should only be used in the details section, and only when really needed for emphasis. Use notes for emphasis and warnings if things will really really go wrong if you ignore the warning.

File headers and groups

1. @file element is always required at the start of a file.

2. There is no need to use @brief for @file.

3. @defgroup or @addgroup usually follows @file. You can divide a file into several groups as well.

4. @{ must open the group, @} must close it.

5. @brief must be added for every defgroup.

6. @details is optional to be used within the defgroup.

/**
 * @file
 * @defgroup bt_gatt_pool BLE GATT attribute pool API
 * @{
 * @brief BLE GATT attribute pools.
 */

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

#include <bluetooth/gatt.h>
#include <bluetooth/uuid.h>

/**
 *  @brief Register a primary service descriptor.
 *
 *  @param _svc GATT service descriptor.
 *  @param _svc_uuid_init Service UUID.
 */
#define BT_GATT_POOL_SVC_GET(_svc, _svc_uuid_init)      \
{                                                       \
        struct bt_uuid *_svc_uuid = _svc_uuid_init;     \
        bt_gatt_pool_svc_get(_svc, _svc_uuid);          \
}

[...]
/** @brief Return a CCC descriptor to the pool.
 *
 *  @param attr Attribute describing the CCC descriptor to be returned.
 */
void bt_gatt_pool_ccc_put(struct bt_gatt_attr const *attr);

#if CONFIG_BT_GATT_POOL_STATS != 0
/** @brief Print basic module statistics (containing pool size usage).
*/
void bt_gatt_pool_stats_print(void);
#endif

#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif

/**
 * @}
 */

Functions

1. Do not use @fn. Instead, document each function where it is defined.

2. @brief is mandatory.

   • Start the brief with the “do sth” form.

   /** @brief Request a read operation to be executed from Secure Firmware.
   
   /** @brief Send Boot Keyboard Input Report.
   

3. @details is optional. It can be introduced either by using @details or by leaving a blank line after @brief.

4. @param should be used for every parameter.

   • Always add parameter description. Use a sentence fragment (no verb) with period at the end.

   • Make sure the parameter documentation within the function is consistently using the parameter type: [in], [out], or [in,out].

   * @param[out] destination Pointer to destination array where the content is
   *                         to be copied.
   * @param[in]  addr        Address to be copied from.
   * @param[in]  len         Number of bytes to copy.
   

5. If you include more than one @sa (“see also”, optional), add them this way:

   @sa first_function
   @sa second_function
   

6. @return should be used to describe a generic return value without a specific value (for example, “@return The length of …”, “@return The handle”). There is usually only one return value.

   *  @return  Initializer that sets up the pipe, length, and byte array for
   *           content of the TX data.
   

7. @retval should be used for specific return values (for example, “@retval true”, “@retval CONN_ERROR”). Describe the condition for each of the return values (for example, “If the function completes successfully”, “If the connection cannot be established”).

   *  @retval 0 If the operation was successful.
   *            Otherwise, a (negative) error code is returned.
   *  @retval (-ENOTSUP) Special error code used when the UUID
   *            of the service does not match the expected UUID.
   

8. Do not use @returns. Use @return instead.

/** @brief Request a random number from the Secure Firmware.
 *
 * This function provides a True Random Number from the on-board random number generator.
 *
 * @note Currently, the RNG hardware is run each time this function is called. This
 *       consumes significant time and power.
 *
 * @param[out] output  The random number. Must be at least @p len long.
 * @param[in]  len     The length of the output array. Currently, @p len must be
 *                     144.
 * @param[out] olen    The length of the random number provided.
 *
 * @retval 0        If the operation was successful.
 * @retval -EINVAL  If @p len is invalid. Currently, @p len must be 144.
 */
 int spm_request_random_number(uint8_t *output, size_t len, size_t *olen);

Enums

The documentation block should precede the documented element. This is in accordance with the Zephyr coding style.

/** HID Service Protocol Mode events. */
enum hids_pm_evt {

        /** Boot mode entered. */
        HIDS_PM_EVT_BOOT_MODE_ENTERED,

        /** Report mode entered. */
        HIDS_PM_EVT_REPORT_MODE_ENTERED,
 };

Structs

The documentation block should precede the documented element. This is in accordance with the Zephyr coding style. Make sure to add :members: when you include the API documentation in RST; otherwise, the member documentation will not show up.

/** @brief Event header structure.
 *
 * @warning When event structure is defined event header must be placed
 *          as the first field.
 */
struct event_header {

        /** Linked list node used to chain events. */
        sys_dlist_t node;

        /** Pointer to the event type object. */
        const struct event_type *type_id;
};

Note

Always add a name for the struct. Avoid using unnamed structs due to Sphinx parser issue.

References

To link to functions, enums, or structs from within doxygen itself, use the @ref keyword.

/** @brief Event header structure.
 *  Use this structure with the function @ref function_name and
 *  this structure is related to another structure, @ref structure_name.
 */

Note

Linking to functions does not currently work due to Breathe issue #438.

Typedefs

The documentation block should precede the documented element. This is in accordance with the Zephyr coding style.

/**
 * @brief Download client asynchronous event handler.
 *
 * Through this callback, the application receives events, such as
 * download of a fragment, download completion, or errors.
 *
 * If the callback returns a non-zero value, the download stops.
 * To resume the download, use @ref download_client_start().
 *
 * @param[in] event  The event.
 *
 * @retval 0 The download continues.
 * @retval non-zero The download stops.
 */
 typedef int (*download_client_callback_t)(const struct download_client_evt *event);