Bluetooth LE Controller
When you develop a Bluetooth® Low Energy (LE) application, you must include a Bluetooth® LE Controller. A Bluetooth LE Controller is the layer of the Bluetooth stack that handles the physical layer packets and all associated timing. It implements the Link Layer, which is the low-level, real-time protocol that controls the Bluetooth LE communication.
The nRF Connect SDK contains two implementations of a Bluetooth LE Controller:
The SoftDevice Controller is implemented by Nordic Semiconductor. The Zephyr Bluetooth LE Controller is an open source Link Layer developed in Zephyr, to which Nordic Semiconductor is a contributor.
Both Link Layers integrate with the Zephyr Bluetooth Host, which completes the full Bluetooth LE protocol stack solution in the nRF Connect SDK. It is possible to select either Bluetooth LE Controller for application development. See Usage in samples for more information.
If you want to go through an online training course to familiarize yourself with Bluetooth Low Energy and the development of Bluetooth LE applications, enroll in the Bluetooth LE Fundamentals course in the Nordic Developer Academy.
SoftDevice Controller
The SoftDevice Controller is designed for nRF52 and nRF53 Series devices. It provides the same implementation of the Link Layer that is available as part of Nordic Semiconductor’s SoftDevices. The SoftDevice Controller is developed, tested, and supported by Nordic Semiconductor.
The SoftDevice Controller is distributed as a set of precompiled, linkable libraries that can be found in the sdk-nrfxlib repository. There are different variants of the libraries that support different feature sets. Which variant you should choose depends on the chip that you are using, the features that you need, and the amount of available memory.
Nordic’s SoftDevice Controller supports an extensive standard feature set from the Bluetooth® specification and a number of extensions for high-performance applications like Low Latency Packet mode (LLPM). See the SoftDevice Controller documentation for a detailed list of supported features.
Zephyr Bluetooth LE Controller
Zephyr has a full, open source, Bluetooth Low Energy stack, which includes the Zephyr Bluetooth LE Controller. This Bluetooth LE Controller is designed with an upper and lower implementation to make it possible to support multiple hardware platforms. It is developed by the Zephyr community and provided as open source.
To use Zephyr’s Bluetooth LE Controller in your application, include a Controller-only build of the Bluetooth LE stack.
Zephyr’s Bluetooth LE Controller supports most of the standard Bluetooth LE features. See the Zephyr documentation for a detailed list of supported features.
Usage in samples
Most Bluetooth LE samples in the nRF Connect SDK, including the Bluetooth mesh samples, can use either Bluetooth LE Controller. An exception is the Bluetooth: LLPM sample, which requires the SoftDevice Controller that supports LLPM. There is also a separate controller for the nRF5340 Audio application, namely the LE Audio controller for nRF5340.
By default, all samples are currently configured to use SoftDevice Controller.
To use the Zephyr Bluetooth LE Controller instead, set CONFIG_BT_LL_SW_SPLIT to y in the prj.conf file (see Configuring your application) and make sure to build from a clean build directory.
Note
If your Bluetooth application requires the LE Secure Connections pairing and you want to use the Zephyr Bluetooth LE Controller, make sure to enable the CONFIG_BT_TINYCRYPT_ECC option as the ECDH cryptography is not supported by this Bluetooth LE Controller.