.. _bluetooth-dev: Developing Bluetooth Applications ################################# Bluetooth applications are developed using the common infrastructure and approach that is described in the :ref:`application` section of the documentation. Additional information that is only relevant to Bluetooth applications can be found in this page. Thread safety ************* Calling into the Bluetooth API is intended to be thread safe, unless otherwise noted in the documentation of the API function. The effort to ensure that this is the case for all API calls is an ongoing one, but the overall goal is formally stated in this paragraph. Bug reports and Pull Requests that move the subsystem in the direction of such goal are welcome. .. _bluetooth-hw-setup: Hardware setup ************** This section describes the options you have when building and debugging Bluetooth applications with Zephyr. Depending on the hardware that is available to you, the requirements you have and the type of development you prefer you may pick one or another setup to match your needs. There are 4 possible hardware setups to use with Zephyr and Bluetooth: #. Embedded #. QEMU with an external Controller #. :ref:`native_sim ` with an external Controller #. Simulated nRF5x with BabbleSim Embedded ======== This setup relies on all software running directly on the embedded platform(s) that the application is targeting. All the :ref:`bluetooth-configs` and :ref:`bluetooth-build-types` are supported but you might need to build Zephyr more than once if you are using a dual-chip configuration or if you have multiple cores in your SoC each running a different build type (e.g., one running the Host, the other the Controller). To start developing using this setup follow the :ref:`Getting Started Guide `, choose one (or more if you are using a dual-chip solution) boards that support Bluetooth and then :ref:`run the application `). .. _bluetooth-hci-tracing: Embedded HCI tracing -------------------- When running both Host and Controller in actual Integrated Circuits, you will only see normal log messages on the console by default, without any way of accessing the HCI traffic between the Host and the Controller. However, there is a special Bluetooth logging mode that converts the console to use a binary protocol that interleaves both normal log messages as well as the HCI traffic. Set the following Kconfig options to enable this protocol before building your application: .. code-block:: console CONFIG_BT_DEBUG_MONITOR_UART=y CONFIG_UART_CONSOLE=n Setting :kconfig:option:`CONFIG_BT_DEBUG_MONITOR_UART` to ``y`` replaces the :kconfig:option:`CONFIG_BT_DEBUG_LOG` option, and setting :kconfig:option:`CONFIG_UART_CONSOLE` to ``n`` disables the default ``printk``/``printf`` hooks. To decode the binary protocol that will now be sent to the console UART you need to use the btmon tool from :ref:`BlueZ `: .. code-block:: console $ btmon --tty --tty-speed 115200 Host on Linux with an external Controller ========================================= .. note:: This is currently only available on GNU/Linux This setup relies on a "dual-chip" :ref:`configuration ` which is comprised of the following devices: #. A :ref:`Host-only ` application running in the :ref:`QEMU ` emulator or the :ref:`native_sim ` native port of Zephyr #. A Controller, which can be one of the following types: * A commercially available Controller * A :ref:`Controller-only ` build of Zephyr * A Virtual controller .. warning:: Certain external Controllers are either unable to accept the Host to Controller flow control parameters that Zephyr sets by default (Qualcomm), or do not transmit any data from the Controller to the Host (Realtek). If you see a message similar to:: bt_hci_core: opcode 0x0c33 status 0x12 when booting your sample of choice (make sure you have enabled :kconfig:option:`CONFIG_LOG` in your :file:`prj.conf` before running the sample), or if there is no data flowing from the Controller to the Host, then you need to disable Host to Controller flow control. To do so, set ``CONFIG_BT_HCI_ACL_FLOW_CONTROL=n`` in your :file:`prj.conf`. QEMU ---- You can run the Zephyr Host on the :ref:`QEMU emulator` and have it interact with a physical external Bluetooth Controller. Refer to :ref:`bluetooth_qemu_native` for full instructions on how to build and run an application in this setup. native_sim ---------- .. note:: This is currently only available on GNU/Linux The :ref:`native_sim ` target builds your Zephyr application with the Zephyr kernel, and some minimal HW emulation as a native Linux executable. This executable is a normal Linux program, which can be debugged and instrumented like any other, and it communicates with a physical or virtual external Controller. Refer to :ref:`bluetooth_qemu_native` for full instructions on how to build and run an application with a physical controller. For the virtual controller refer to :ref:`bluetooth_virtual_posix`. Simulated nRF5x with BabbleSim ============================== .. note:: This is currently only available on GNU/Linux The :ref:`nrf52_bsim ` and :ref:`nrf5340bsim ` boards, are simulated target boards which emulate the necessary peripherals of a nRF52/53 SOC to be able to develop and test BLE applications. These boards, use: * `BabbleSim`_ to simulate the nRF5x modem and the radio environment. * The POSIX arch and native simulator to emulate the processor, and run natively on your host. * `Models of the nrf5x HW `_ Just like with the :ref:`native_sim ` target, the build result is a normal Linux executable. You can find more information on how to run simulations with one or several devices in either of :ref:`these boards's documentation `. With the :ref:`nrf52_bsim `, typically you do :ref:`Combined builds `, but it is also possible to build the controller with one of the :ref:`HCI UART ` samples in one simulated device, and the host with the H4 driver instead of the integrated controller in another simulated device. With the :ref:`nrf5340bsim `, you can build with either, both controller and host on its network core, or, with the network core running only the controller, the application core running the host and your application, and the HCI transport over IPC. Initialization ************** The Bluetooth subsystem is initialized using the :c:func:`bt_enable` function. The caller should ensure that function succeeds by checking the return code for errors. If a function pointer is passed to :c:func:`bt_enable`, the initialization happens asynchronously, and the completion is notified through the given function. Bluetooth Application Example ***************************** A simple Bluetooth beacon application is shown below. The application initializes the Bluetooth Subsystem and enables non-connectable advertising, effectively acting as a Bluetooth Low Energy broadcaster. .. literalinclude:: ../../../../../../../zephyr/samples/bluetooth/beacon/src/main.c :language: c :lines: 19- :linenos: The key APIs employed by the beacon sample are :c:func:`bt_enable` that's used to initialize Bluetooth and then :c:func:`bt_le_adv_start` that's used to start advertising a specific combination of advertising and scan response data. .. _BabbleSim: https://babblesim.github.io/